Name :- Nargis Ibrahimbhai Saiyad

Roll no: - 13

Class: - M.A. Sem.-IV

Paper: - Communication and Mass Media

Topic: - Impact of T.V. on society

-:Submitted to:-

Dhvani mam,

Dept. of English,

M.K. Bhavnagar University,

Bhavnagar.

Impact of TV on society

                                                The television is very influential medium from its inception. It is quite interesting innovation. It is also true that it arises a question that whether it is curse or boon.

                          Television - Curse or boon?

         It has both types of effects.  Let's see those in detail.

v Positive effects -

                                      We find many positive effects of TV in society.  How it is useful is given below.

v Social surrogacy hypothesis-

                                         Sometimes the person who feels loneliness can employ TV to create faux relationship with the characters from the shows or movies as a way of deflecting the feelings of social deprivation.

                                       Jave Derrick and Shira Gabriel found that when individual is not able to participate in interactions with real people; they are less likely to indicate feeling of loneliness when watching their favorite show in television.

v  Educational advantages-

                                       It is also very useful in teaching to social and educational morals and rules. It reminds,

Media Awareness Network article 'The Good Things about Television.

                                     Besides this, Dimitri Christakis cites in his studies that those who watched "Sesame Street" and other programs, were reading more books, place more value on achievements and were more creative.

v Moral message -

                                         We find many educational channels now a day. It educates students as well as all people.

       For example, channels - Discovery,

                               National Geography,

                               History etc....

v Increasing Consciousness -

                                         TV makes us conscious.  We relate some-one to the character of TV.  In India, we watch the TV show like 'Gumrah', that makes us aware about the harsh reality.  We also watch live telecast.

v Religious strength-

                                       TV channels like 'Aastha', 'Q TV' all preaches as well as shows the truth about the religion. People come to know about real truth behind some rituals.

v Verbal ability-

                                         People hear the language from the TV, watches the action and gestures, thus they also get verbal ability and become good presentation.

v Satellite TV-

                                        In satellite TV, we can communicate now.  We can buy such a TV set which has no advertisement.

v Negative effects-

       There is on saying,

'Every coin has two sides.'

       Just like that, TV has also negative impact on society.

v Social surrogacy hypothesis-

                                            We talked about this of positive effect on human beings but it has negative impact, also.  The person relates own self with the character and gets relaxed but it is not reality.

v  Cultural invasion-

                                            Because of satellite TV, we find cultural invasion, especially youth tries to follow the Western culture and thus, our own culture is going away day by day.  Sometimes, our Indian culture also tries makes the shows like that.

For example, 'Splits Villa', in which we find, Americanized idea.

v Reduction of Creativity-

                                         When a person watches the TV, he doesn't remain conscious much. So, he only watches it and thus the Creativity, he looses. So, it's bitter truth.

v Impact on other mediums-

                                       Before TV, there were mediums like radio, tap recorder but after TV's arrival, they were loosing the interest of the people.

       Only in TV also, we find LCD and LED TV now.

v Physical effects-

                                   Studies show that there is an association between the hours of TV watching and obesity.  It decreases metabolic rate in people.  It is associated with greater risk of heart-attack; it reminds author John Steinbeck’s description, which is very surprising.

v Psychological effects-

                                   Some people get the information about crime and learn how to do it. Herbert Krugman’s study shows that when anyone watches TV, the right side of the brain is twice as active as the left which causes a state of hypnosis.

v  TV and Children-

                                   It affects on being physically active, reading, doing home-work, playing with friends and even on spending time with family.

                                The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that kids under 2 years old not watch any TV and that those older than 2 watch no more than 1 to 2 hours a day of quality programming.

v Impact of TV violence-

There also we find many researches.

                                      Some researches, also say that where violent behavior is punished may inhibit feelings of aggression to a greater degree but some authors also suggest that when we do the study we should keep in mind personality differences, ethnic differences, variations in the dramatic context, the social context in which TV is viewed and other potentially significant things.

v  TV and gender-

                                         We always find 'man', very adventurous, strong, intelligent, where as 'female' as 'fragile', 'innocent' etc., though in real life it is not always true. We find women in male product's advertisement. It also creates stereotypes and mentality.

v  A blessing and a curse-

                                       We can prove TV as both blessing and a curse, also.

                                       The most considerable debate is on the issue of violence and impact of violence on the viewers.  Here, the parental if influence can be a major factor in reducing the impact.

                                        It increases social and racial stereotypes,  desire for immediate gratification, world knowledge, aggressive behavior, alienation, excessive buying behaviour, curiosity, pro-social behavior etc., It decreases reading ability, creativity, physical activity, break down of social value, distorting perception, attention spend, etc., even memory retention etc…

v Conclusion-

                                        Though it is called as "boob tube", 'idiot box', 'chewing gum for the mind' by many people it depends on us what to grasp. So, we should try to avoid negativity of it and should grasp positive effect.

Significance of the symbol of “Deathly Hallows”

                                            Name :- Nargis Ibrahimbhai Saiyad

                                      Roll no: - 13
                                  Class: - M.A. Sem.-IV
                             Paper: - New Literature

Topic: -    Significance of the symbol of “Deathly Hallows”

-:Submitted to:-

Dr. Dilip Barad

Dept. of English,

M.K. Bhavnagar University,

                                    Bhavnagar.

  Significance of the symbol of “Deathly Hallows”

                                                       J.k.Rowling, in her has given the title to the novel ‘Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.’ So, the “Deathly Hallows” must have significance in the novel. So, we should understand its meaning.

# It’s meaning -

                                 “Hallows” means “holy object”

                                                        We can also think that “hallow” meaning “holy” in Halloween (hallow-eve), the day before All Saint’s Day.

# Image - 

 It is an image uniting the three deathly hallows. The symbol consists of three geometric shapes.

                                                     "The Elder Wand," he said, and he drew a straight vertical line on the parchment. "The Resurrection Stone," he said, and he added a circle on top of the line. "The Cloak of Invisibility," he finished, enclosing both line and circle in a triangle, to make the symbol that so intrigued (fascinate, plot) Hermione. "Together," he said, "the Deathly Hallows."

                                                                         —Xenophilius Lovegood

# Representation-        They represent as follow:

·       Circle – the Resurrection Stone

·       Triangle – the Invisible cloak

·       Line – the elder wand

                                               Harry potter noticed this symbol in 1997, when Viktor Krum, pointed out that Xenophilius Lovegood was wearing this around his neck at Bill and Fleur is wedding.

                                                Gellert Grindelwald’s mark is a triangular rune that dark wizard Gellert Grindelwald used as his sign, though it is actually the sign of “Deathly hallows”. This “double association” seems to be reference to the Swastika, a sacred Hindu symbol of the sun, later adopted as the symbol of Nazi Germany.

 Rowling says that the objects are based upon

                           Geoffrey Chaucer – “The pardoner’s Tale”

# The Tales of Beedle the Bard-

                                                   By this, the author presented his own version of the origin of the hollows.

                                             “That is a children’s tale, told to amuse rather than to instruct. Those of us who understand these matters, however, recognize that the ancient story refers to three objects, or Hollows, which if united, will make the possessor Master of Death.”

                                                      It’s about three Peverell brothers who were travelling in the twilight. They reached one river. It was very dangerous. They simply waved their wands and created a bridge across the river. They were then stopped by capital Death himself. Even death felt cheated. Death pretended to congratulate them on being clever enough to evade him, and offered each of them a powerful magical item.

                                                   So, the first Peverell brother, Antioch Peverell, wished to have the most powerful wand. Death broke a branch off a nearby elder three and created for him the Elder Wand. The second brother, Cadmus Peverell wanted to humiliate death even further, and wished to have the power to bring loved ones from the grave. Death took an ordinary stone from the riverbed and created the Resurrection Stone for him. It was a stone capable of it. Ignotus Peverell, the third brother was a humble man. He didn't trust Death and asked to go on from the river without being followed by death. So, Death gives his own cloak, cloak of Invisibility. It never lost its power.

# Invisibility cloak-

                                                          “It was only when he had attained great age that the youngest brother finally took of the Cloak of Invisibility and gave it to his son.” (For Ignotus)

     Harry is a living descendant of Ignotus Peverell.

# The Elder Wand-  

                                           Without realizing until later, Harry became the master of the elder wand when he defeated Draco Malfoy during the battle of Malfoy Manor in 1998. When his deed was done, Harry replaced it in the tomb of Albus Dumbledore. His mindset was that if he could die of natural causes. Its history of bloodshed would be gone forever.

# The Resurrection Stone-

                                        It was disguised inside a snitch; the first one Harry had ever caught in a Quid ditch match. There were written some words on the snitch. They were,

                                       “I open at the close.”

                                                      Then Harry came to know later that he had to be close to death. So, to open it, he said,

                                        “I’m about to die.”

                                                 Harry used it to bring back and talk with his parents, Lupin, god father and also Sirius Black. After killing the Horcruxes he drops it in the forest.

# Use of “Deathly Hallows”-  

                                                    The Hallows can’t be used wrongfully to cheat death. Any desire for personal gain immediately cancels out the possibility of mastering one of the hallows. For example, when Dumbledore is tempted to use the Resurrection stone to bring back his family for apologizing, it fails.

# Master of Death-

                                                          Only Harry Potter the only known Master of Death. He didn't unite all three of them physically at the same moment, as he possessed no more than two at the same time. Albus Dumbledore had also gathered all three physically but didn't master the usage of cloak.

# Conclusion-  

                                 The hallows played a particularly important role in the lives of Albus Dumbledore, Gellert Grindelwald and Harry Potter. The Master of Death became Harry but by accepting death as an ultimate reality. It is not dark. So, it reminds us,

                                  “There is nothing Dark about the Hallows- at least not in that crude sense. One simply uses the symbol to reveal oneself to other believers, in the hope that they might help one with the Quest.”

                                                    -Xenophilius Lovegood

              J.K.Rowling thus also gives message to human- beings.

                                      

                                                        

Machine translation of the 'The Liar'

Name:  Nargis I. Saiyad

Paper: Translation Studies

Topic: Machine Translation

Class: M.A.II, Sem.: I

Year: 2012/13

Submitted To,

Dr. Dilip Barad,

Dept. of English,

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

Bhavnagar.

Machine translation of the 'The Liar'

v Introduction :-

        Machine translation in the abbreviation is written as MT.  It uses the software to translate.  Sometimes it creates major issues like disambiguation. 

        That's why the evaluation of machine is not so authentic than human-evaluation.

v Short Stories :-

        The book 'Contemporary Indian Short Stories in English' Compiled by Shiv K.kumar is translate in Gujarati also but when we translate it with the help of machine, it gives totally different meaning.  Sometimes, it doesn't create any meaning at all.

        I have taken one short story 'The Liar' by Mulk Raj Anand for machine translation.  It is like this,

v 'The Liar':-

        When I first typed the title 'The Liar' the Gujarati word came out was ' the liar '.  The Real meaning in Gujarati for it is ' juththo' 'khota bolo'.

       

        The first line of English was,

        'Labhu, the old Shikari of my village, was a born lair.

And the Gujarati translation of it was,

'Labhu, mara gam na juna shikari, janm liar'

        

        This makes no sense.  A person who doesn't know Gujarati, if he will speak this line, it may create humour.

       

        So, me, times, the words like 'Therefore', 'And', 'tree', 'he' remained same in Gujarati and even in the same spellings.

        ' He was tolerated even to the extent of being given a seat at the foot of the banyan tree.'

        The Gujarati was totally different from the actual meaning.  The Gujarati of it was,

           'He, sahan karvama avyu hatu pan karvama vaniyo tree'

        We can see here the Gujarati was 'He', 'vaniyo tree' !! The real meaning is destroyed here.  If we do the translation without the help of Google translation or other site, the Gujarati we can say,

        ' Tene etlu sahan karavvama avyu ke tene vad na zad niche bethvu padtu.'

       

        The Gujarati translation by machine is very strange.  Machine shows totally different meaning.

        The word 'English' was in Gujarati as 'inglish' when the word was 'English Subedar', it was in Gujarati as 'Guajarati subedar'.

        And when I typed the line,

       

        "Labhu," I would say, " I am sure it is impossible to track any prey when you are half up the side of a hillock.

        The machine used two words in the end 'chhe' and also 'chhu'.  It Creates humour.

        In one dialogue, 'fool' is, 'ful', Labhu, is 'Labhu', 'Liar, 'everybody' is 'Everybody'  and there is no Gujarati word for 'silly'.   And this dialogue is like this,

        "oh, you are a fool, Labhu," I said. "And you are a liar.  Everybody says so.  And I don't believe you at all.  My mother says I am silly to believe your tales''.

        The Gujarati of it is,

        ''me kahyu oh,  tame ek ful, Labhu chhe.'' ''ane tame liar chhe. everybody tethi kahe chhe, ane hu tamne badhi manta nathi. mari mata kahe chhe hu tamari vartao mane koi chhu.''

       

        We can see here machine translation makes much difference in the meaning of real words.

        In some translations, ''All right'' is translation is ''All right'', ''chagrined'' is translation is also the same.

        In the English word 'either' and the Gujarati of it is 'kya' so, in line, it doesn't create any meaning and that line is,

        '' All right'', I said, chagrined and stubborn.  '' I don't want to speak to you either''.

        The machine doesn't give correct translation of long sentence.  At that time, we find word to word translation only.  It doesn't create any meaning.   Even word to word translation doesn't give any type of meaning. The best example from 'The Liar' is this,

              ''I waited eagerly for Labhu's return to confirm from his very much these stories of his incompetence, because, though incredulous of this scandal, I had been driven to a frenzy of chagrin by his insulting dismissal of me''.

                              Even the Gujarati speaker will not understand that what these words want to suggest.

v Conclusion :-

       

                         By this example, we can say that after all machines are machines.  It can not understand the hidden meaning, sometime it creates amusement.   So, machine translation is not authentic.  It has advantages as well as disadvantages, too.